Definition of Management

Management word comes from Old French Menagement, which means the art to implement and manage. According to Mary Parker Follett, management as art work done through others. This definition means that a manager responsible for managing and directing others to achieve organizational goals. According to Ricky W. Griffin: a process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and controlling resources to achieve the objectives (goals) effectively and efficiently. Effective means that the goal can be achieved in accordance with the planning, while efficiently means that the task at hand done correctly, organized,

and in accordance with the schedule.

The term management contains three terms, namely:

1 Management as a process,
2 Management as a collectivity of people who perform management activities,
3 Management as an art (Art) and as a science (Science)

Management as a process, put forward three definitions:

1 In the Encyclopaedia of the Social Sience said that management is a process by which the implementation of a particular destination organized and supervised.

2 Furthermore, Hilman said that management is a function to achieve something through the activities of others and oversee the efforts of the individual to achieve the same goal. Management is a collectivity of people who perform management activities. So in other words, all those who perform management activities in a particular entity is called management.

3 According to the third sense, management is the art (Art) or a science pnegetahuan. Even this true about no uniformity of opinion, a party say that management is an art and a class of others say that management is a science. Indeed, the same second that opinion contains truth.

According G.R. Terry management is a process or framework, which involves guidance or direction of a group of people towards organizational goals or intentions are real.

According to Mary Parker Follett management is an art to carry out the work through other people. Contain a definition of this mary attention to the fact that managers achieve organizational goals by managing other people to do whatever the bullet in the job, not by way of carrying out the work by himself.

B. Management Functions (Management Functions)

Management functions are the basic elements that will always be there and inherent in the management process that will be used as a reference by managers in carrying out activities to achieve the goal. Management function was first introduced by a French industrialist named Henry Fayol in the early 20th century. At that time, he mentioned five functions of management, namely designing, organizing, commanding, mengordinasi, and controlling. But this time, the five function has been condensed into four, namely:

     Planning (planning) is to think about what will be done with the resource owned. Planning is done to determine the company's overall goals and how best to meet that goal. Managers evaluate various alternative plans before taking action and then see if the selected plan is suitable and can be used to meet company objectives. Planning is the most important process of all management functions because without planning, other functions can not be run.
     Organizing (Organizing) is done with the purpose of dividing a large activity into the activities of smaller ones. Organizing facilitate managers in monitoring and identifying people who need to carry out tasks that have divided them. Organizing can be done by determining what tasks need to be done, who should do it, how the tasks are grouped, who is responsible for the task, at which level the decision should be taken.
     Briefing (directing) is an action to see to it that all members of the group are trying to achieve objectives consistent with the managerial and business planning